How is Absolute Poverty Line Measured?

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The term ‘poverty’ has been defined in different societies in a different way but all of them are conditioned by the version of minimum or good life to be obtained in society. Poverty is multi dimensional. It can be absolute or relative poverty. Those who suffer from absolute poverty have no guarantee that will be able to meet the fundamental cost of living as a human being. The World Bank has set the norm of 1 dollar per day per person for this purpose. The absolute poverty line is based on nutritional level is, defined as minimum requirement of
a. 2400 calories per person per day for rural areas.
b. 2100 calories per person per day for urban areas.
Poverty is one of the greatest curses of our time and we must find solution to this problem by increasing agricultural production, razing the standard of living and equal distribution of resources.
Some of the important measures taken by the government to eradicate the rural poverty in India are:
a. Twenty Point Programme (TPP) This programme was started in 1975 for poverty eradication and rasing the standard of living.
b. Antoyodaya Yojana to make the poorest families of the village economically independent. It was started in 1977-78.

c. Integrated Rural Development Project (IRDP) The main objective was to bring some sort of employment to rural poor through local resources. This programme was launched on 2nd October, 1980.
d. Training Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM) It was started on 15th August, 1979. This programme is for training rural youth for self employment.
e. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana This programme was launched on April 1989, for providing employment to rural unemployed.
f. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) It was launched on September 1982, to provide suitable opportunities of self employment to the women belonging to the rural families who are living below the poverty line.

g. Crash Scheme of Rural Employment (CSRE) Started in 1972-73 for rural employment.
h. National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) Started in 1980 to provide profitable employment opportunities to the rural poor.
The best measure to eradicate poverty is to generate self employment among the people.

Pros  and Cons of  online banking

As with most things, online banking has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. Millions of people use internet banking resources daily. Most of those people make use of internet banking by using online monitoring services, while others use internet banking for transactions online such as shopping and even paying bills. This of course points to the primary advantage of online banking which is convenience. Before internet banking hit the scene people were limited to visiting banks to make transactions or using a money wiring service.  Many banking services exist today to make monetary transactions quick and painless. Services such as Aurora  are available to meet the needs of many customers.
The primary advantage of online banking allows you to perform transactions at your leisure while at home or on the go provided you have a mobile internet connection. Many people find this to be much more efficient and in fact help lower pollutants in the air by reducing travel and in turn reducing vehicle emissions. A lot of information is available about online banking by leading authorities and online banking is even used by universities.  Financial services are widely available and utilized on the internet today.
Another great advantage of using online banking services is management. The ability to look over your financial activity to keep up with your accounting is far more organized and efficient than managing a paper checkbook or bank book. Transactions often show up instantly if not within minutes as opposed to the old way of writing checks and keeping books on checks that have yet to even be cashed. The more real time accounting achieved by online banking is one of the great advantages of internet banking today. It provides quick and easy accountability of assets for millions of banking customers on a daily basis.
There is really only one possible disadvantage to online banking. With that said for the disadvantage to be an issue depends solely upon the banking service and their security. The primary disadvantage of online banking is possible security problems that could result in data retrieval or data manipulation by a 3rd party intruder. While this is a serious issue that should always be a concern for online bank users it does in fact depend on the banking service. It is important to use a reputable online financial service that does not have a long history of intrusions and security breaches. With its heavy advantages and one possible disadvantage one thing is for sure; online banking is here to stay.

 

       The importance of technology in current banking industries

  

                                           

The following points prove the importance of technology in banking industry:

The Banking sector in current world has experienced a rapid transformation. Due to the advent of technology and automation there is a new trend in the banking system. The advancement in technology and introduction of information technology played a significant role in improving the services in the industry.

Electronic banking is giving competitive advantage to the banks. Online electronics banking, mobile banking and internet banking are just a few examples.

1. Tele banking:

Telephone banking is a service provided by a banks and financial institution where customer performs their transaction, over the telephone. Banking carried out over computer network is called telephone banking.

It represents conducting financial transactions using computer and a telephone. Banking carried out over computer network is called as Tele banking. Most telephone banking services use an automated phone answering system. This technology facilitates to call the bank and give order to a bank computer for carrying out of operation under your account.

2. Automated Teller Machine: 

An automated teller machine is a computerized device that provides access for financial transaction in a public place. The customer can have access to his bank account to make cash withdrawals and check balances. Apart from these functions ATM facilitates to transfer money from one account to another and can request for a cheque book.

3. SMS banking:

SMS banking is a technology-enabled service offered by banks to its customers. They permit the customers to operate banking services over mobile phones using SMS messages. SMS banking is more advantageous than Internet banking because people carry mobile phones everywhere. SMS banking reduces the distances between banks and the customers.

4. Debit cards:

A Debit card is a plastic card with a magnetic strip that can be used by a consumer as a means of payment. Unlike a credit card, there is no line of credit; the debit card is linked to the account.

Funds charged to a debit card are directly deducted from the bank account it is associated with. It is card that provides an alternative payment method to cash for making purchases. It can also be called as electronic cheque.

5. Credit card:

Credit card is a plastic card with a magnetic strip authorised to purchase upto a predetermined amount i.e. a credit limit. Banks issue it to their customers to enable them to purchase on credit. These cards store the information relating to customers account.

6. Internet Banking:

Internet banking means conducting financial transaction through a website. Internet banking is also known as online banking. In Internet banking consumers have an access to their account through a server.

Internet banking is also known as virtual, cyber, net, interactive, or web banking. It provides various services like online trading, online bill payment, shop online etc. Rapid growth in the number of Internet connection and user has opened up a large market for internet banking. Consumer can operate their bank account from anywhere in the world from any personal computer at any time with an internet connection.

 

Wild life and our ecosystem

Wildlife is an integral part of our ecosystem. It is a matter of great concern that some species of wildlife have been already exterminated while some others are facing extinction. Such extinction of species, though a part of the natural scheme of things has become a matter of concern because the alarming rapidity for decades now.


       

Preservation of rate wildlife is of very great importance now. The writer of the place has discussed some of the cause of such extinction; the ecological imbalance caused by it and some ways to protect wildlife from extinction.
Extinction of species is not a novel phenomenon. It has been there ever life began on the earth. Since 1600, more than 200 species have become extinct.
The problem today is that men have become able to change the natural environment so rapidly that many kinds of animals are unable to adopt top the altered conditions. These forces of change have to be controlled.
Some of the causes of extinction of rate wildlife are killed them for commerce and sustenance, destroying their natural habitat by deforestation, over gazing by livestock, population of air and water and the construction of towns and factories.
The measures to be adopted for the presentation of wildlife are educating the public about the importance of wildlife for ecological balance, protecting wildlife from poachers, maintenance of their natural habitat establishment of parks and sanctuaries, breeding wild animals in captivity, controlling population of air and water etc.

Android vs Windows Phone from a Developer Perspective

Android vs Windows Phone from a Developer Perspective

First of all I must say both of them have really good innovations. Android for benefiting millions of people by giving at least a phone that could run a smart stopwatch app and call that device a smartphone and Windows Phone for providing something people can use easily and get to know quickly. What makes me surprise most is Windows Phone being able to facilitate a better user experience with a dual core processor which Android does with a quad core processor. The time I am writing this post, Windows Phone is no where with the number of devices when compare with Android and my ex-favorite iOS. 

Start making notes about the developer perspective, Windows Phone is way far better than Android and you will realize why eventually. 

• Store Submission and Certification

You need to have 25 USD to create a Google Play account and 49 USD for a Windows Phone developer account. The cost is much in Windows Phone but the store team make sure your app is safe for the end user to be used where as Google Play is filled with apps that have malware due to lack of proper certification process. 

For Google Play it takes only 4-5 hours but Windows Phone take more than double time at the best case and can be gone up to 5 days even. This is because they test the app on minimum of 5 devices under different themes and conditions to ensure the user is served with a better user experience. 

• Integrated Development Environment

There are many IDEs could be used for Android development as Eclipse being the most used. But the developer experience is horrible compared to the Visual Studio. of course Android has many plugins to install and make things easier but with Visual Studio all can be done without external plugins. Even if you need, they are just a couple of clicks away.

Visual studio has in built debugging facilities as well as watch windows where you can test the app by even going through the variable levels.

• Emulator

 You can cook your dinner while keep loading the Android emulator as it is very slower where as Windows Phone emulator is much smoother since it runs on Hyper-V. Yes there are some certain requirements you need to run a Windows Phone emulator but a person who can spend 49$ to buy a developer account will definitely have a better laptop or a PC.

Another good experience with the Windows Phone emulator is the availability to check on location based apps and smooth experience on the testings for accelerations. 

• Designing

A smiling face for an Android UI designer is very rare sight in the early days of his/ her carrier as even drag and drop options are not much supported well. Eventually with the experience they will be able to start designing well when they get to know that xml syntax well. Another painful thing is the need to design in to many screen resolutions in some situations.

Right now Windows Phone supports only 3 resolutions and the difference is marginal. Therefore one resolution could be used to benefit others as well. Also Microsoft has a really cool tool which makes even animations a matter of 3-4 clicks work. It is expression Blend. Not only the drag and drops, making gradients, testing in different color themes as well as testing with custom themes is also simplified with this supper awesome tool.

• Revenue

Here the win definitely goes for Android since the number of devices that runs Android is very much. But your app need to be smarter to beat all other apps and make your one the choice. 

• Learning Effort

If you are a .NET developer, learning Windows Phone development is just a couple of days work where as for Android you need to spend more time. 

So I think I have made the right choice by being a Windows Phone developer. What do you say?

 

 

 

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